Meanwhile, somewhere in a deep slumber...

...lies a slug-a-bed. This 18th century drone is in dire need of a marvelous 1754 contraption, snappily christened the Rush-Light Larum. A rush-light being a rudimentary candle and larum meaning alarm. As you can see from the diagram: when the candle burns down to the point calculated to be wake up o'clock, a heavy weight is dropped which can either drag the bedclothes off or yank whichever appendage of the sleeper it is tied to.

and if that does't work, then the ensuing blaze, caused by the sleeper turning over in bed and dragging the whole apparatus onto the floor, will serve as sufficient larum.

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Meanwhile, somewhere in 18th century England, fireworks are "transitory and useless"

Often it seems that human nature never changes and - bar a few details - some complaints could be heard today. Aren't fireworks a waste of money? These huge displays along the Thames, on such a scale, surely the money could be put to better use. Well, this chap seems to think so in his letter of January 1749. However, just as now, not everyone shares his opinion. Certainly not the Duke of Richmond, who gave a grand entertainment to the Duke of Modena on Monday 15th May of the same year.

Meanwhile, somewhere in Poland...

...co kurwa? Where does Poland begin and end? The border has shifted all over the place! In the 18th century, there is a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Its borders encompass Lithuania, much of Latvia, Belarus, a good chunk of Ukraine and much of the Poland we know and love. Prussia has left teeth-marks on the Baltic coast and the western border wiggles around a bit and is generally a little further east. Słupsk, Koszalin, Szczecin, and Wrocław fall outside the border, but Gdańsk, Piła, Poznań and Katowice are within the Commonwealth. One administrative area of the Commonwealth, of culinary and linguistic interest to me, is: województwo ruskie, the Ruthenian Voivodeship. It's capital was Lwów, or Lviv as we know it today, and much of it is now in Ukraine. The dumplings filled with potato, cheese curd and onion, take their name from wój. ruskie, so pierogi ruskie were named after this area of the commonwealth and have noth...

Meanwhile, somewhere in 18th century England...

...in January 1747, some adventurous cove is fannying around with electricity. I guess J. Smeaton got some form of precursor to a Van der Graaf generator in his Christmas stocking. I imagine there were other members of the household willingly, or otherwise, employed in assisting Mr. Smeaton in his experimentation. I am not sure suspending an anvil by silk cords is an easy task for one man.

Meanwhile, somewhere in the 18th century...

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